GLOSSARY · TERM

What is P2PK?

Bitcoin’s original output format (2009): coins locked directly to a raw public key, predating addresses entirely. Most Satoshi-era rewards are P2PK — which is why explorers show famous early "addresses" as nearly empty.

UPDATED 2026-08-09TERM P2PK (PAY-TO-PUBKEY)

Modern outputs pay to an address — a hashed, checksummed encoding. P2PK skips all of that: the public key sits in the output itself. It works fine, but address-based explorers don't credit P2PK outputs to the derived address, creating bitcoin's most persistent illusion: look up 1A1zP1eP… and you see tribute dust, not a fortune.

The real early coins — including the ~1.1M BTC of the Patoshi cluster — must be tracked at the output level, the method behind our Satoshi's Fortune watch. P2PK is also a museum piece with a warning label: those raw public keys are exposed on-chain, which is why the format was replaced by hashed addresses (see address types).